| 摘要: | Introduction: Adequate prevention and control measures are required in every country to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare personnel (HCP) remain at the forefront of the COVID-19 response strategy. They are expected to have sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices regarding COVID-19 preventive measures. Meanwhile, they are also the ones most affected by psychological disorders and the impact of the pandemic compared to general population.
Objectives: This study aims to: 1) compare knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and psychological distress regarding COVID-19 among HCP in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia; 2) explore factors associated with KAP toward COVID-19 preventive measure among HCP in Taiwan, Vietnam and Indonesia; and 3) compare perceptions of COVID-19 among HCP in Indonesia during and after the Omicron outbreak.
Methods: A questionnaire survey for HCP of hospitals in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia was conducted between July 2021 and February 2022. The second round of data collection took place only in Indonesia from August to October 2022 for the third objective. A validated structure questionnaire containing items for measuring demographic information, knowledge, attitude, practice, institutional supports, psychological distress, and impacts regarding COVID-19 was distributed online to all HCP of selected hospitals. A multivariate logistic regression model was used for data analysis.
Results:
Study 1: Comparison of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and psychological distress toward COVID-19 among HCP in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia
A total of 1,645 participants in Taiwan, 1,484 participants in Vietnam, and 402 participants in Indonesia were eligible for enrollment. There were significant differences in gender, age, profession, education level, faculty position, and director position among HCP in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia. In addition, their KAP, psychological distress, institutional support, and perceived impacts were different among the three countries. These differences were noted in most cases with some exceptions. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed sufficient knowledge and positive attitudes were more common in Vietnam, while good practices were more common in Indonesia, and psychological distress was more common in Taiwan.
Study 2: Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 preventive measure among HCP in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia
In Taiwan, obtaining information from newspaper/mass media (OR=1.343; 95% CI: 1.031-1.747) was associated with sufficient knowledge, while older age (OR=1.355; 95% CI: 1.045-1.757), being a nurse (OR=1.473; 95% CI: 1.090-1.993), and sufficient knowledge (OR=3.085; 95% CI: 2.432-3.912) were associated with positive attitudes. Good practices was associated with older age (OR=1.578; 95% CI: 1.244-2.001), being a physician (OR=1.458; 95% CI: 1.005-2.116), ever handling COVID-19 suspect cases (OR = 1.369; 95% CI: 1.050-1.784), obtaining information from the institution (OR = 1.330; 95% CI: 1.066-1.660), sufficient knowledge (OR = 1.360; 95% CI: 1.075-1.721), and positive attitudes (OR = 1.791; 95% CI: 1.429-2.245), among other factors. In Vietnam, older age (OR=1.409; 95% CI: 1.001-1.983) was associated with sufficient knowledge, while sufficient knowledge (OR=2.413; 95% CI: 1.684-3.457) was associated with positive attitudes. Female gender (OR=1.547; 95% CI: 1.200-1.995), ever handling COVID-19 suspect cases (OR = 1.640; 95% CI: 1.220-2.204), ever handling COVID-19 confirmed cases (OR = 1.533; 95% CI: 1.066-2.204), and positive attitudes (OR = 1.890; 95% CI: 1.384-2.581) were associated with good practices. In Indonesia, sufficient knowledge (OR=1.784; 95% CI: 1.130-2.816) was associated with positive attitudes, and female gender (OR=2.624; 95% CI: 1.456-4.730), ever handling COVID-19 confirmed cases (OR = 2.339; 95% CI: 1.117-4.898), sufficient knowledge (OR = 1.766; 95% CI: 1.068-2.918), and positive attitudes (OR = 3.421; 95% CI: 2.061-5.677) were associated with good practices.
Study 3: Comparison of perceptions of COVID-19 among HCP in Indonesia during and after the Omicron outbreak
This study included 402 HCP during the Omicron era and 584 HCP in the post-Omicron era in Indonesia. Positive attitudes were significantly more prevalent during the Omicron era compared to the post-Omicron era (p?=?0.001). The availability of face shields and protective eyewear decreased significantly from 62.7% to 55.6% (p?=?0.028). However, psychological distress among HCP increased significantly after the Omicron outbreak (p?=?0.024). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated a decline in positive attitudes in the post-Omicron era (OR?=?0.626; 95% CI?=?0.476–0.823).
Conclusions: There was a significant discrepancy of perceptions toward COVID-19 among HCP in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia. The findings suggest disease burden, government policies, and personal characteristics are important factors of HCP’s perceptions toward COVID-19. Furthermore, our data revealed a significant rise in psychological distress among Indonesian HCP in the post-Omicron era. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing psychological distress more effectively among HCP. |
