| 摘要: | With the aging of population, dementia has become a global public health concern due to its incurable nature, making prevention of dementia increasingly important. While mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered as a transitional stage between normal cognitive function and dementia, a high proportion of individuals with MCI can progress to dementia as they age. Nonpharmacological interventions are currently considered as a means to improve cognition in individuals with MCI, but further investigation is warranted due to variations in type, frequency, duration, and intensity of intervention. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of cognitive training (CT), tai-chi chuan (TCC), lower-extremity strengthening (LES), and social interaction (SI) on the cognitive function in older adults with MCI. A single-blind randomized design involved older adults with MCI who were assigned to CT, TCC, LES, or SI. Each intervention lasted for 24 weeks with one-hour training sessions per week, and participants' self practice frequency was monitored through telephone interviews. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-M), and Digit symbol substitution test at the end of the 24-week intervention period and six months after the intervention was completed. Results showed that three groups of CT, LES, and TCC performed significant improvements in global cognitive function and certain specific cognitive functions compared to the SI group after the 6-month intervention period; furthermore, global cognition in these three groups remained higher than the SI group at the 6-month follow-up assessment. There were differences in the impact on cognitive functions among these three groups. The CT group showed significant increases in the MDRS total score, attention, construction, and memory after the follow-up period compared to the other two intervention groups. The TCC group and the LES group showed significant improvements in processing speed. Using a linear mixed model to analyze the differences between each group and the SI group, all intervention groups showed significant increases in global cognition scores after the 24-week intervention period, with the LES group and the CT group showing greater improvement compared to the TCC group. All three groups showed significant increases in attention scores after the 6-month intervention period, with the CT group and the TCC group showing higher improvement compared to the LES group. In terms of initiation/perseveration scores, all three intervention groups showed significant increases after the intervention period, with no differences between the groups. For memory scores, only the LES group and the CT group showed significant increases after the intervention period, with higher improvement compared to the TCC group. After completing the one-year study, only the CT group and the TCC group showed significant increases in the MDRS total score. All three groups showed significant increases in the TICS-M scores. The overall cognitive improvement was the highest in the CT group and the lowest in the LET group. This study found that TCC, LES, and CT significantly improved the cognitive function of older adults with MCI, with effects lasting for at least six months. These three non-pharmacological interventions have different impacts on specific cognitive functions, and all can enhance the cognitive function of older adults with MCI. These interventions can be implemented at home, making them practical solutions.
論文公開日期：2024-07-19 |
