| 摘要: | 中文摘要抗心律不整藥物螺旋卞基異奎琳類似物之合成研究 JKL 1067 (
2,3-methylenedioxy-9,10-dimethoxyspirobenzyliso-quinoline ) ( 33
)是個合成的螺旋卞基異奎琳類，具增強心收縮力及減緩自發性的心跳速
率，此外，對於ouabain所引起的心律不整有抑制作用。具有發展成為抗
心律不整藥物的潛力。為了進一步研究其化學結構與心臟血管作用的關係
，今就JKL 1067 ( 33 )分子結構加以修飾，我們利用化學合成方法，製
備了七個螺旋卞基異奎琳類似物38, 42, 46, 48, 62, 63和67。 合成方
法，係以berberine chloride ( 30 )和palmatine chloride ( 64 )為起
始物，berberine chloride ( 30 )在強鹼條件下，與丙銅反應形成
berberine acetone 附加物( 34 )，而後與CH3I進行反應，生成13-甲基
化合物35。另一合成是以berberine chloride ( 30 )為起始物，分別在
urea與C2H5I存在下各反應生成第9位有hydorxy取代基的酚性化合物39及
第9位有ethoxy取代的化合物43，然後將化合物30, 35, 39, 43和64再經
NaBH4還原，成為四氫原小蘗鹼型衍生物31, 36, 40, 44和65，而後再與
CH3I甲基化反應形成四級N-methiodide 32, 37, 41, 45和66。另化合
物31經苯乙基化反應形成四級N-benzyl protoberberium bromide 47。化
合物32, 37, 41, 45, 47和66於室溫下dimsyl sodium強鹼催化下，進行
Stevens重排反應，可得螺旋卞基異奎琳類生物鹼之類似物33, 38, 42,
46, 48, 62和67。 另一化學合成原小蘗鹼型途徑係以vanillin 為原料，
經OH為保護基後，經數步反應形成phenylethylamine之衍生物54，而後
與2,3-methylenedioxyphenylethylacyl chloride縮合成醯胺類57，再經
Bischler-Napieralski環化反應及NaBH4還原後得四氫基異奎琳衍生物59
，之後與甲醛在酸性條件下進行Mannich縮合反應形成原小蘗鹼形衍生
物60，而後與前述化合物相同處理步驟，反應合成螺旋卞基異奎琳類似化
合物62，最後經18 % HCl反應，去除benzyl的保護基生成酚性衍生物63。
四個原小蘗鹼型衍生物36a, 36b, 37, 40和44及兩個螺旋卞基異奎琳類似
物38, 42，以大白鼠之離體心臟，評估有關心臟收縮力與心跳速率之藥理
活性測試。目前研究結果顯示，原小蘗鹼型生衍生物37可增加心收縮力及
減緩自發性的心跳速率，螺旋卞基異奎琳類似化合物38, 42並無明顯作用
，另部份之原小蘗鹼型衍生物43及螺旋卞基異奎琳類似化合物46, 48,
62, 63, 67目前藥理之評估正在進行中。
Synthesis of Spirobenzylisoquinoline Analogues as Potential
Antiarrhymic AgentsAbstract JKL 1067 ( 2,3-methyenedioxy-9,10-
dimethoxyspirobenzyliso-quinoline ) ( 33 ), exhibited a postive
inotropic and negative chronotropic effect. It also possessed
antiarrythmic activity against cardiac arrhythmia induced by
ouabain. In order to study the relationship between the
structure and cardiovascular activity. Seven
spirobenzylisoquinoline analogues 38, 42, 46, 48, 62, 63 and 67
modeled after JKL 1067 ( 33 ) have been prepared by chemical
synthesis. Following the usual synthetic procedures，berberine
chloride ( 30 ) and palmatine chloride ( 64 ) were as starting
materials. Treatment of berberine chloride ( 30 ) with acetone
under base condition afforded berberine acetone adduate ( 34 ),
and then reacted with methyl iodide to give 13-methyl compound
35. Berberine chloride ( 30 ) was heated with urea to produce
9-hydroxyl compound 39 and following alkylated with ethyl iodide
to give 9-ethoxyl compound 43. Compound 30, 35, 39, 43 and 64
were reduced by sodium borohydride to give the tetrahydro-
protoberberine 31, 36, 40, 44 and 65. After quarterization with
methyl iodide，the N-methiodide salts of 32, 37, 41, 45 and 66
were produced. Compound 31 was reacted with benzyl bromide to
afford the quarternary N-benzyl protoberberium bromide 47.
Spirobenzyl-isoquinoline 33, 38, 42, 46, 48 and 67 were prepared
by Stevens Rearrangement in the presence of dimsyl sodium in
dimthyl sulfoxide. Phenolic protoberberine 60 was produced from
O-benzyl protected vanillin and then converted to corresponding
phenylethylamine 54. After condensation with
2,3-methylenedioxyphenylethylacyl chloride to amide 57, followed
by Bischler-Napieralski cyclization and sodium borohydride
reduction gave tetrahydroisoquinoline 59. Mannich condensation
of 59 with formaldehyde in acidic condition gave protoberberine
60. Stevens Rearrangement of the N-methyl salts of 61 yieded
spirobenzylisoquinoline 62. Compound 62 was treacted with 18 %
HCl to remove benzyl protecting group to give the phenolic
spirobenzylisoquinoline 63. Four protoberberine 36a, 36b, 37,
40, 44 and two spirobenzyl-isoquinoline analogues 38, 42 were
evaluated their antiarrhymic activity with an isolated heart
preparation from rats. The results indicated protoberberine 37
have an equal effect in positive inotrpoic and negative
chronotropic activities however spirobenzylisoquinoline
analogues 38, 42 have no activity effect. Protoberberine 43 and
other five spiro-benzylisoquinoline analogues 46, 48, 62, 63, 67
are evaluated their pharmacological activity is at present time. |
