| 摘要: | 過敏性疾病影響許多人口，尤其是兒童。有多項因素(例如：微生物群 ;空氣污染物 ;住家環境特性等)會引起過敏性疾病的發生，但是目前很少有研究同時探討微生物群(環境 ;鼻腔 ;腸道) ;空氣污染物對過敏性疾病的影響。本研究的主要目的是了解學齡前兒童的住家空氣污染物 ;環境特性 ;飲食習慣 ;菌相(環境 ;鼻腔 ;腸道)之分布，並探討這些因素與兒童過敏性疾病之相關性。本研究進行期間為2022年4月至2023年4月，研究對象是由台北市一家醫學中心小兒科門診招募的7歲以下兒童，共有23位兒童參與。本研究在參與兒童住家測量空氣污染物甲醛 ;臭氧 ;懸浮微粒等，環境菌相分析兒童床鋪的細菌及真菌，並收集兒童的糞便與鼻腔檢體分析腸道及鼻腔菌相。兒童過敏性疾病(過敏性鼻炎與異位性皮膚炎) ;社會人口學特徵 ;住家環境特性等資料以問卷收集。根據研究結果發現，環境中的毛螺菌科 (Lachnospiraceae)與格孢菌目 (Pleosporales)豐富度，在有過敏性鼻炎兒童中顯著較高。戈登氏菌屬 (Gordonia)與Diatrypella豐富度，在有異位性皮膚炎兒童中顯著較高。腸道的長雙歧桿菌 (Bifidobacterium longum)在有過敏性疾病兒童中豐富度較高。住家附近綠化程度及土地利用型態(如:學校)亦會影響兒童過敏性疾病。臭氧 ;PM2.5和抽菸等因子對兒童腸道菌相的組成有顯著的影響。綜合分析結果，發現環境因子可能進入兒童體內，與腸道微生物產生交互作用，使菌相組成產生變化。未來的研究可以深入探討這些環境因子影響腸道微生物的相關機制以及作用，評估微生物與兒童健康之間的關係，並提出相對應的預防或照護策略，以促進兒童健康。
Allergic diseases affect a significant portion of the population, particularly children. Multiple factors, such as microbial communities, air pollutants, and household environmental characteristics, can contribute to developing allergic diseases. However, limited research simultaneously investigates the impact of microbial communities (environment, nasal, and gastrointestinal tract) and air pollutants on allergic diseases. The main objective of this study was to examine the distribution of air pollutants, household environmental characteristics, dietary habits, and microbial profiles (environment, nasal, and gastrointestinal tract) in preschool-aged children, as well as explore the correlation of these factors with allergic diseases in children. The study was conducted from April 2022 to April 2023. The study participants under 7 years of age were recruited from a pediatric outpatient clinic at a medical center in Taipei City, and 23 children participated. Air pollutants in the participants' homes, including formaldehyde, ozone, and particulate matter, were measured. The environmental microbial analysis examined the bacteria and fungi in children's bedding, while fecal and nasal samples were collected to analyze gastrointestinal and nasal microbial profiles. Data on allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis), sociodemographic characteristics, and household environmental factors were collected through questionnaires. According to the study results, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Pleosporales in the environment was significantly higher in children with allergic rhinitis. The abundance of Gordonia and Diatrypella was significantly higher in children with atopic dermatitis. Bifidobacterium longum in the gastrointestinal tract had a higher abundance in children with allergic diseases. The level of greenness and land use patterns (e.g., schools) surrounding home also impacted children's allergic diseases. Ozone, PM2.5, and smoking significantly influenced the children's gastrointestinal microbial composition. The comprehensive analysis suggests that environmental factors may interact with the gastrointestinal microbiota in children, leading to changes in microbial composition. Future research can further investigate the mechanisms and effects of these environmental factors on gastrointestinal microbiota, evaluate the relationship between microbiota and children's health, and propose corresponding preventive or care strategies to promote children's health. |
