| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討懷舊團體的繪本共讀對養護機構高齡者之生命意義、自尊、人際互動及幸福感之成效。本研究採類實驗研究法，以單組前後測設計，研究對象為現居於養護機構的65歲以上高齡者。養護機構高齡者符合納入排除條件，於知情同意後簽署同意書共計30位為參與者，研究過程中共有5位參與者流失，最終參與實驗者共有25位。實驗組進行8週之懷舊團體的繪本共讀介入，以4至7人一組的團體方式進行，共有6組，每週介入1次，每次40分鐘。研究工具使用高齡者生命意義感量表、中文版Rosenberg積極自尊量表、人際互動功能量表及老人幸福感量表，資料填寫方式由參與者自行填答或透過口述由研究者代為填寫。回收資料後運用描述性統計、魏克森符號等級檢定、曼-惠特尼U考驗、H檢定法做為統計方法進行統計分析。
研究結果發現，實驗組經8週懷舊團體的繪本共讀介入後，生命意義（z=-2.407，p=.016）、自尊（z=-2.299，p=.022）、人際互動（z=-2.623，p=.009）及幸福感（z=-2.622，p=.009）都呈現達統計學上的顯著差異。基本屬性中，高齡者之年齡與人際互動成效達統計學上的顯著差異；高齡者之教育程度與幸福感成效達統計學上的顯著差異；是否自願入住機構之高齡者與幸福感成效達統計學上的顯著差異。本研究藉由繪本共讀作為懷舊團體的引導物，能夠幫助引導養護機構高齡者進行回憶的回想、生命經驗的梳理及自身經歷的分享，容易促進養護機構高齡者進行自我統整。針對養護機構高齡者運用懷舊團體的繪本共讀介入措施，建議未來相關研究可基於本研究結果，廣泛運用於養護機構，進一步探討對於不同族群的成效，達到高齡者自我統整的晚年目標。
This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of reminiscence groups with shared picture books reading on the meaning of life, self-esteem, interpersonal interaction, and well-being in older residents living in long-term care institutions. This study was a quasi-experimental study design, using a one group pretest-posttest design. The participants were older residents over 65 years old in a long-term care institution in Taipei City, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and each signed the consent form after informed consent. This study included 30 participants, and 25 had completed all the interventions. The participants were divided into groups of 4 to 7 as reminiscence groups with picture books shared-reading. The total intervention time was eight weeks, with the frequency of once a week and a duration of 40 minutes each time. The data was collected by questionnaire using the measurement of the Elderly Version of the Meaning of Life Scale, the Chinese Version of the Revised-Positive Version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Interpersonal Interaction Function Scale, and the Elderly Version of the Well-being Scale. Participants either filled out the form by themselves or the researcher through dictation. We used descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test for data analysis.
The results were found that after eight weeks of intervention, the experimental group can significantly improve the meaning of life (z=-2.407, p=.016), self-esteem (z=-2.299, p=.022), interpersonal interaction (z=-2.623, p=.009) and well-being (z=-2.622, p=.009). Additionally, age was significantly associated with interpersonal interaction effectiveness changes; education was significantly associated with well-being effectiveness changes, whether voluntarily living in long term care institution were significantly associated with well-being effectiveness changes.
Picture books were used in this study as a guide for the reminiscence group, which can help older residents living in long term care institutions recall memories, sort out and share their own life experiences, and improve the self-integrity of older residents. The reminiscence group with shared picture books reading can significantly promote the meaning of life, self-esteem, interpersonal interaction, and well-being in older residents living in long term care institutions. The results suggested that a reminiscence group with shared picture book reading could be widely used in long term care institution and could also help older residents inside to improve self-integrity in their later years of life. Future studies could, based on this study's results, explore the effectiveness among different groups. |
