| 摘要: | 重金屬常藉由飲食進入人體，而飲用茶飲為其中一種攝取途徑。根據台灣國家攝食資料庫顯示，19-65歲族群為茶飲攝取量最高族群，然而茶葉中吸附之重金屬經由沖泡程序後進入到茶湯，再經由飲食攝入人體之風險探討有限，且隨著市售罐裝及手搖茶飲越來越普及，青年族群攝取量隨之增加，來自於茶飲的重金屬暴露劑量對腎臟之影響需要被探討。因此本研究為探討市售罐裝及手搖茶飲之綠茶、紅茶、烏龍茶中釩、鉻、錳、鈷、砷、鎘和鉛重金屬濃度，並探討攝取茶飲重金屬是否影響青年族群腎臟早期損傷指標 (尿液微量白蛋白、尿液β2-微球蛋白濃度、尿液N-乙?-β-D-胺基葡萄糖??) 和腎絲球過濾率。本研究收集35個罐裝綠茶飲、26個罐裝紅茶飲、18個罐裝烏龍茶飲、25個手搖綠茶飲、26個手搖紅茶飲及20個手搖烏龍茶飲樣品，並招募北部地區250名20-30歲青年族群，評估茶飲重金屬估計每日攝取量和腎臟早期損傷指標和腎絲球過濾率之相關性。重金屬分析以火焰式原子吸收光譜儀分析茶飲料中錳濃度，並使用感應耦合電漿質譜儀分析茶飲中釩、鉻、鈷、砷、鎘、鉛濃度。統計分析以無母數統計探討變項間差異；以斯皮爾曼等級相關係數及多元線性回歸分析重金屬每日估計攝取量與腎臟早期損傷指標和腎絲球過濾率之關係。研究結果顯示罐裝綠茶飲、罐裝紅茶飲、罐裝烏龍茶飲、手搖綠茶飲、手搖紅茶飲以及手搖烏龍茶飲中釩/鉻/鈷/砷/鎘/鉛中位數濃度分別為0.08 /0.89 /0.86 /0.16 ?g/L/未檢出/未檢出、0.08 /1.21 /0.53 /0.05 /未檢出/0.23 ?g/L、0.60 /未檢出/0.68 /0.24 /未檢出/0.24 ?g/L、0.12 /1.59 /2.12 /0.38 /未檢出/0.58 ?g/L、0.11 /2.63 /1.08 /0.21 /未檢出/0.74 ?g/L、0.11 /4.44 /1.12 /0.23 /未檢出/1.03 ?g/L，而錳於罐裝綠茶飲、罐裝紅茶飲、罐裝烏龍茶飲、手搖綠茶飲、手搖紅茶飲以及手搖烏龍茶飲中位數濃度分別為1.60、1.17、1.06、2.66、1.70、1.88 mg/L。
釩在罐裝烏龍茶中發現中位數濃度為最高 (0.60 ?g/L)，鉻在手搖烏龍茶的中位數濃度為最高 (2.63 ?g/L)，錳、鈷、砷在手搖綠茶的中位數濃度為最高 (錳：2.66 mg/L、鈷：2.12 ?g/L、砷：0.38 ?g/L)，鉛在手搖烏龍茶的中位數濃度為最高 (1.03 ?g/L)，罐裝及手搖茶飲之綠茶、紅茶、烏龍茶的鎘中位數濃度皆為未檢出。經計算每日經由攝取罐裝或手搖茶飲料重金屬每日估計攝取量，以線性回歸分析校正可能干擾因子後，研究僅發現女性族群茶飲鉻、砷、鉛重金屬每日估計總攝取量與尿液微量白蛋白濃度呈統計上顯著正相關 (鉻：β=0.137，p=0.046、砷：β=0.132，p=0.057、鉛：β=0.137，p=0.044)。研究結果發現經由市售罐裝茶飲或手搖茶飲攝取之重金屬劑量中增加鉻、砷、鉛每日估計總攝取量對女性族群尿液微量白蛋白濃度增加有關。本研究的結果提供市售罐裝及手搖茶飲之綠茶、紅茶、烏龍茶中7種重金屬濃度變化及分布情形，以及青年族群飲用茶飲暴露重金屬劑量的早期腎臟損傷指標和腎絲球過濾率之相關性。
Ingestion of contaminated food or drinking water is the most common source of heavy metals exposure in humans. The amounts of heavy metals that may take up through the consumption of tea. According to the National Food Consumption Database in Taiwan, the most consumed tea group were adults (aged 19-65 years). However, the limited study has reported the associations between exposure to heavy metals from tea consumption and early renal injury. The aims of this study are: (1) to analyze the concentrations of vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in bottled tea and handmade tea; (2) to assess the correlation between metals and the urinary early renal injury markers, including microalbumin (MA), β2-microglobulin (B2M), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). This study collected 35 bottled green tea (BG), 26 bottled black tea (BB), 18 bottled oolong tea (BO), 25 handmade green tea (HG), 26 handmade green tea (HB), and 20 handmade oolong tea (HO) samples. In addition, we have recruited 250 participants aged 20 to 30 years. We have accessed the estimated daily intake (EDI) of metals and the urinary early renal injury markers and eGFR. The concentrations of V, Cr, Co, As, Cd, and Pb in tea were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while the concentrations of Mn in tea were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Non-parametric tests are used to analyze ordinal and categorical data. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between metals EDI and urinary early renal injury markers and eGFR. The median concentration of V/Cr/ Co/As/Cd/Pb in BG, BB, BO, HG, HB, and HO were 0.08 /0.89 /0.86 /0.16 / non-detectable (ND)/ND, 0.08 /1.21 / /0.53 /0.05 /ND/0.23 ?g/L, 0.60 /ND/L/0.68 /0.24 /ND/0.24 ?g/L, 0.12 /1.59 / L/2.12 /0.38 /ND/0.58 ?g/L, 0.11 /2.63 /1.08 /0.21 /ND/0.74 ?g/L, and 0.11 /4.44 / 1.12 /0.23 /ND/1.03 ?g/L, respectively. The median concentration of Mn in BG, BB, BO, HG, HB, and HO were 1.60/ 1.17/ 1.06/ 2.66/ 1.70/ 1.88 mg/L, respectively. After adjusting the potential confounding factors, we found a significantly positive correlation between the total EDI of Cr, As, and Pb and urinary MA (Cr: β=0.137, p=0.046; As: β=0.132, =0.057; Pb: β=0.137, p =0.044) in the female group. In conclusion, the highest median V, Cr, Mn, Co, As, and Pb concentrations have been analyzed in BO, HO, HG, HG, HG, and HO, respectively. Cd has not been determined in 3 types and 2 varieties of tea samples. A positive correlation between total EDI of Cr, As, and Pb and urinary microalbumin concentration in the female group. Overall, the study provides a variation, concentration, and distribution of 7 metals in 3 tea types and 2 varieties in bottled and handmade tea in Taiwan. Also, this study has an estimation of the correlation between metal exposure and early renal injury markers. |
