| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討獨居老人社會支持、憂鬱程度與生活品質之現況及相關性，進一步分析生活品質的影響因素。採用問卷調查法，以面對面訪談方式蒐集資料，研究對象為臺北市某行政區之65歲以上獨居老年人123位。研究結果發現：
一、社區獨居老人以男性、獨居、未婚及喪偶、國小教育程度者居多，平均年齡為77.25歲，自覺健康狀況及自覺經濟狀況普通，主要經濟來源以退休金（終身俸）或儲蓄最多。
二、社區獨居老人的社會支持總分平均49.57分，屬於中等程度，以情感性支持得分最高，其次為訊息性支持；會因為性別、婚姻狀況、主要經濟來源、及自覺經濟狀況等個人背景變項的不同，其社會支持有差異。
三、社區獨居老人的憂鬱程度（CES-D）總分平均14.56 分，有36.6%的研究對象可能有憂鬱問題，以憂鬱情緒得分最高，其次為正向情感；會因為自覺健康狀況、居住狀況、自覺經濟狀況、及每月收入等個人背景變項的不同，其憂鬱程度有差異。
四、社區獨居老人的生活品質量表總分平均45.19分，屬於中等程度，以生理範疇得分最高，其次為環境範疇；會因為性別、自覺健康狀況、主要經濟來源、自覺經濟狀況、及每月收入等個人背景變項的不同，其生活品質有差異。
五、社區獨居老人的社會支持與憂鬱程度呈顯著負相關、社會支持與生活品質呈顯著正相關、憂鬱程度與生活品質呈顯著負相關。
六、本研究對象生活品質之預測因子包括憂鬱程度、自覺健康狀況、自覺經濟狀況、及性別，能解釋生活品質總變異量的72.9％。
根據上述研究結果，提出社區護理實務、社會福利政策及未來研究之建議，包括落實健康檢查措施、增加憂鬱篩檢服務、營造友善的環境資源、加強獨居老人對自我的認識、教育民眾對獨居老人的認識、將獨居老人列入優先關懷對象、落實通報與照顧機制、強化獨居老人非正式支持服務等，以提供獨居長者健康照護的依據，俾利未來獨居老人服務及老人福利政策之參考。
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship among social support, depression and quality of life in elderly people living alone in Community, so as to determine the predictors of quality of life in this special population. The study population included 123 elderly people (> 65 years old) living alone from a District of Taipei City, and data was collected prospectively using questionnaires and interviews. The following findings were observed.
1.The elderly people living alone aged 77.25 years old. The majority of the subjects were male, single or widower and most had primary education. Furthermore, most elderly reported moderate degree of satisfaction of health and financial status. Notably, the financial sources were mostly from retired funds or saving.
2.The elderly people living alone scored moderately (M＝49.57) in social support, primarily from emotional support, followed by media support. The scores were influenced by many factors, including gender, marital status, financial source, wealth, and personal demographics.
3.The elderly people living alone scored 14.56 in depression questionnaire (CES-D), 36.6% of the subjects suffered depression, primarily from depressed mood, followed by positive affect. The scores were influenced by many factors, including health status, residence, income and personal demographics.
4.The elderly people living alone also scored moderately (M＝45.19) in quality of life, primarily from physiological aspect, followed by environmental aspect. The scores were influenced by many factors, including gender, health status, financial source, financial status, income and personal demographics.
5.There was a negative association between social support and depression. The social support was correlated positively with quality of life. Nevertheless, a negative association was observed between depression and quality of life.
6.The predictors of quality of life in this population were depression, health status, financial status and gender, and theses explained 72.9% of variance of quality of life.
Based on the results, it was proposed an integrated community care and social support policy should be developed in future for this elderly people living alone population, and the system should comprise health examination, depression screening test, age-friendly environment, self-care, public education, priority for elderly as well as other formal and informal care services. |
