| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解有吸菸經驗之冠狀動脈心臟病住院病人其人口學變項、吸菸相關變項、疾病嚴重度、社會支持與戒菸行為之間的關係。採橫斷式研究，研究對象為台灣北部某醫學中心二十歲（含）以上有吸菸經驗之冠狀動脈心臟病住院病人，以自填式問卷收集資料，問卷回收125份，排除女性3份問卷不予計算，有效問卷122份，研究結果歸納如下：
一、 研究對象以46-65歲、有工作、已婚及高中專科教育程度者居多；平均菸齡36年、每天吸菸量平均21支、中度尼古丁成癮者為最多；疾病嚴重度平均2.07分，屬於低嚴重度，33.6％的研究對象考慮一個月內戒菸。
二、 社會支持總平均得分為150.72，屬於高社會支持，在功能性構面中，以評價性支持得分為最高，在對象性構面中，以家庭成員給予的社會支持得分為最高。
三、 在社會支持方面，情緒性支持、評價性支持和家庭成員支持均與戒菸行為之間達到統計上的顯著差異（P＜.05），尤其是在家庭成員的情緒性（P＜.05）、評價性（P＜.05）及實質性（P＜.05）支持皆有明顯的影響。
四、 戒菸行為之預測因子，已婚者每增加一個單位，已戒菸的勝算比增加1.04倍，且達到統計上的顯著水準。
依據研究結果建議將戒菸行為以階段性區分，不同的階段給予不同的支持與教育宣導，鼓勵家庭成員（重要對象）的參與提高情緒性、實質性支持，專業人員提供訊息性支持，社交成員提供評價性認同的支持，結合重要對象的參與，提升社會支持將有助於成功戒菸。
This study seeks to understand the relationship between socio-
demographic factors, smoking, severity of illness, social support, and quitting smoking, via a cross-sectional analysis of inpatients in a hospital in northern Taiwan. The patients were aged 20 or older and had coronary artery disease and a history of smoking. Data were collected by means of questionnaires. Altogether 125 questionnaires were collected, only three of which were from female patients. These three were therefore disregarded, and the remaining 122 were analyzed. The results of the study are as follows:
I. The subjects of the study were mostly aged between 46 and 65, were employed and married, and had received a high school-level education. They had been smoking for an average of 36 years, and they smoked on average 21 cigarettes a day. Most had an intermediate level of nicotine addiction. The average severity of their illness was 2.07 (mild). Just over a third (33.6%) of the patients was considering quitting smoking within a month.
II. Social support points were, on average, high (150.72). Of the four functions of social support, appraisal support ranked the highest, and the most common source of support was the family.
III. There was a statistically significant difference (P < .05) between the effects of the following types of social support on the process of quitting smoking: emotional support; appraisal support; and tangible support from family members.
IV. In terms of predictor variables for the act of quitting smoking, being married had a positive effect: an increase of one unit in the “married” variable resulted in a 1.04-fold increase in the odds ratio of quitting, which was statistically significant.
The results show that the process of quitting smoking happens in stages. At the various stages, different kinds of support and information should be given to the person trying to quit, and family members (and other important sources) should be encouraged to provide emotional and tangible support, and professionals to provide informational support. The appraisal support of members of society, combined with the participation of other important sources of support, increases social support and helps people to quit smoking. |
