| 摘要: | 研究背景：隨著全世界老年人口增加，老年照護也相形重要，尤其是失智症，因全球失智人口急遽上升，台灣也面臨同樣的問題；護理人員為健康醫療照護體系中的主要人力，護生是未來護理人力主要來源，隨著失智人口及照護需求增加，護生對於失智症的知識及態度值得深入探討。
研究目的：探討大學及四技護生之失智症知識與失智症態度其相關影響因素。
研究方法：本研究使用2014年科技部補助大專學生研究計畫「護生對失智症知識及態度的探討」之研究資料，進行次級資料分析。納入條件包含：護理系學生；20歲以上(含)；就讀大學部或四技已及能閱讀中文。無排除條件，共篩選出334位研究對象。使用原始資料中的人口學資料、阿茲海默症知識量表(The Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale)及失智症態度量表(Dementia Attitudes Scale)之資料內容，採SPSS 22.0進行分析，統計方法包含:獨立樣本t檢定(t-test)、單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)、雪費事後檢定(Scheffe test)、皮爾遜積差相關(Pearson product-moment correlation)以及多元線性迴歸分析（Multiple linear regression）。
研究結果：本研究中，大學護生有188人(佔56.29%)，四技護生有146人(佔43.71%)；而失智症知識總分平均值為17.83分(SD=4.05)，其中學制、臨床實習經驗(照護失智症臨床經驗)、曾修習過失智症相關課程、接受過失智症衛教或單張及年級在失智症知識得分上有顯著差異；另外，失智症態度平均值為101.16分(SD=12.05)，結果發現失智症相關課程、志工參與情形、家人是否有失智症、曾接受過失智症衛教或單張等因素在失智症態度得分上有顯著差異。另外，失智症知識及失智症態度呈現顯著正相關，護生年齡越大者以及對失智症議題越關心，其失智症知識得分愈高；而對失智症議題越關心以及對護理工作越有興趣者，對失智症之態度愈正向。多元線性迴歸分析發現，護生失智症知識之預測因子為是否參與失智症相關課程以及是否有接受過失智症衛教或單張二個變項；護生之失智症態度的預測因子為失智症知識、對失智症議題的關心程度、對護理工作的興趣程度以及家人是否有失智症，共四個變項。
結果應用：研究結果顯示護理系學生之失智症知識不足，對失智症態度中立偏正向。本研究結果可應用在：一、教育方面：提供學校相關課程設計及實習安排之參考，以培養學生具備正確的失智症知識及較正向的失智症態度。二、研究方面：作為之後研究發展相關措施及策略的依據，以便有效提升護生的失智症知識及態度。
Background: With the increase of the order population around the world, nursing care for order adults is becoming important. Moreover, the number of population with dementia is rising rapidly. Taiwan faces the same situation. Nurses are the main manpower in the health care system. Nursing students are future nurses, with the increase dementia population and care needs, their knowledge of and attitudes towards dementia are necessary to be explored.
Purpose: This study was to investigate the knowledge of and attitudes towards dementia and their associated factors among nursing students in 4-year Programs.
Methods: A secondary-data analysis was applied using the data from “Knowledge of and attitudes towards dementia among nursing students” conducted by Chuang in 2014. The inclusion criteria were the participants who were nursing students; were 20 years old or over; were the students in the 4-year nursing program; and could read Chinese. There were no exclusion criteria. There were 334 subjects in the current study. The demographic data, The Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale, and the Dementia Attitudes Scale in the original data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. The statistical methods included: independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple linear regression.
Results: There were 188 nursing students studying in the university (56.29%), and 146 (43.71%) students in the four-year technological program. The average score of dementia knowledge was 17.83(SD=4.05). There were significant differences in the scores of dementia knowledge among nursing students who were studying in different educational system, had experience of taking care of patients with dementia, had taken courses relating to dementia, had ever read health education pamphlets about dementia, and were in different grade. The average score of dementia attitude was 101.16 (SD=12.05). There were significant differences in the scores of attitudes towards dementia among nursing students who had ever taken courses relating to dementia, were volunteers, had family members with dementia, and had ever read health education pamphlets about dementia, In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between dementia knowledge and dementia attitude. The nursing students who were older, or were more interested in dementia issues had higher dementia knowledge scores. The nursing students who were more interested in dementia issues or more interested in nursing had more positive attitudes towards dementia. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that taking courses relating to dementia and having ever read health education pamphlets about dementia were two predictors of the dementia knowledge. Dementia knowledge, interesting level in dementia issues, interesting level in nursing, and having family members with dementia were four predictors of the dementia attitude.
Conclusion and implications: The results of the study showed that the nursing students had insufficient knowledge of dementia and had neutral to slightly positive attitudes towards dementia. The results of study could be the reference for nursing faculty members to develop and design related curriculum and practicum for nursing students. In addition, the findings of the study would be the solid base for future research relating to improving nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards dementia. |
