| 摘要: | Background: To promote active aging, it is essential that early signs of disability can be detected and relevant preventive measures can be implemented to lessen the likelihood of disability. Information regarding elderly depression and its related factors in Indonesia, the 4th populated country with 22 million elderly, is scarce. Elderly people tend to have greater healthcare utilization because of their health status. However, with the 4th largest population in the world, little is known concerning the use of services among the Indonesian elderly. The purpose of this research is to explore the association between biometric screening and decline of ADL function among Indonesian elderly. The second study aims was to provide an overall social, demographic profile of depression among the elderly in Indonesia. The third study aimed to identify factors related to the use of outpatient services among the Indonesian elderly.
Methods: The first study used longitudinal data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 4 in 2007/2008 and IFLS 5 in 2014/2015. The second and third studies used secondary data from Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5) in 2014/2015. Biometric indicators includes body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, lung capacity, sit to stand time, hemoglobin concentration, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Dependent variable was ADL at baseline and follow up. Depression was measured using the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale-10 (CESD-10).
Results:
Study 1. Biometric health screening such as anemia, stage 2 hypertension, high volume lung capacity, and longer time Sit-to-Stand were significantly association with decline of ADL among elderly people in Indonesia. This finding is important to prevent ADL decline in elderly people in the future.
Study 2. The prevalence of depression among Indonesian elderly was quite high, and more resources and effort needed to be allocated to prevention within the health care system. The identification of protective and risk factors in this research can be useful in devising preventive programs. The government policy should foremost focus on high-risk groups, such as those with lower economic status, females, living in certain regions, and those with worse physical health.
Study 3. Among 2912 participants, only 22.7% of respondents had visited health workers or doctors within the previous 4 weeks before the survey. After controlling for other variables, factors associated with the use of outpatient services were socioeconomic status, insurance status, regions of residence, self-rated health, and the number of chronic conditions. |
