| 摘要: | 因應高齡社會到來，吾人對於長期照顧的需求更加迫切，長期照顧服務機構的數量也越來越多，因此長照機構內被照顧者人身安全的探討也就顯得重要。
本文以機構安全為中心，提出3個問題：其一，政府政策與長照機構經營上與機構安全相關者為何；其二，以往法院判決中對於長照機構人員法律責任歸屬的探討；其三，學說對於法院判決出現的問題有何評論。
經由相關法院判決及學說見解的探討，本文發現以下問題：其一，政府政策與長照機構經營上與機構安全最相關者，為人力政策與機構收入來源問題。其二，法院判決傾向以行政規則及機構內部照顧常規，作為長照機構人員注意義務標準，失於不夠彈性。其三，因應未來長照機構法人化的浪潮，可能出現機構負責人法律責任難認定的問題。
本文提出建議如下：其一，人力政策方面，政府應著重於薪資提升及教育訓練部分；機構收入來源方面，由於長照機構收入來源主要是被照顧者所繳納的照顧費用，機構經營應以被照顧者人身安全為首要考量。其二，利用照顧水準作為注意義務標準，以取代照顧常規。其三，基於民法與刑法性質的不同，在民法與刑法上機構責任的發展應有所區別。
In response to the arrival of the aged society, our demand for long-term care is more urgent, and the number of long-term care service institution is increasing. Therefore, it is important to discuss the personal safety of patients in the institution.
We focus on institutional safety and submit three questions: First, what are the policies and institution’s managements about institutional safety; second, the discussion on the legal liability of long-term care service institution’s staff in judgments; third, the theories against the problems in the judgments.
Through the discussion of the judgments and theories, we find the following problems: First, human resource policy and institutional income issues are the most relevant to institutional safety. Second, the court tends to use administrative rules and care practice as the standard of duty of care for the long-term care service institution’s staff, which was not flexible enough. Third, there may be problems in determining the legal responsibility of the person in charge.
Our suggestions are as follows: First, in terms of human resource policy, the government should focus on salary promotion and training; in terms of institutional income sources, since the source of income is mainly the care expenses paid by the patient, the person in charge should give primary consideration to institutional safety. Second, use care standard as a standard of duty of care to replace the care practice. Third, based on the difference between the characters of civil law and criminal law, the development of institutional responsibility in civil law and criminal law should be different. |
