| 摘要: | 我們分析 quercetin methyl ether 衍生物， 包括 quercetin
4'-methyl ether (tamarixetin)、quercetin 3,4',7-trimethyl ether
(ayanin)、quercetin 3,3',4',7-tetramethyl ether (QTME) 及
quercetin 3,3',4',5,7-pentamethyl ether (QPME) 對氣管的鬆弛活性
，並與我們以前有關 quercetin 和 quercetin 3-methyl ether 的研究
比較，以瞭解它們的 structure-activity relationship (SAR)。上述
quercetin methyl ether 衍生物對 histamine (30 mM)、carbachol
(0.2 mM) 及 KCl (30 mM) 預縮的離體天竺鼠氣管，產生劑量依存性的鬆
弛作用，由其 IC25 得其活性大致依序為 QPME、quercetin 3-methyl
ether > quercetin、ayanin > tamarixetin > QTME， 其 SAR 如下:
(a) Quercetin 的第3或第5位甲基化後，如 quercetin 變成 quercetin
3-methyl ether 或 QTME 變成 QPME，會使活性明顯上升；(b)
quercetin 的第3'或第4'位甲基化後，如 ayanin 變成 QTME 或
quercetin 變成 tamarixetin，會使活性下降；(c) 甲基化的數目越多活
性不一定越強，如 QTME 的鬆弛效果最差及 ayanin 的活性低於
quercetin 3-methyl ether 等。
上述 quercetin methyl ether 衍生物中較強的 QPME 預處理能非競爭性
地對抗累加 histamine、carbachol 或 KCl 引起的收縮，其對
carbachol 及 KCl 的 pD2' 值有意義地小於它們的 -logIC50，顯示
QPME 抑制 carbachol 及 KCl 所引起的內鈣釋放小於抑制它們所引起的
外鈣內流，而在對抗累加 histamine 所引起的收縮上則無此現像。在高
鉀 (60 mM) 無鈣溶液中，QPME 也能非競爭性地抑制累加外鈣引起的收縮
，並且對 histamine (30 mM) 預縮而 nifedipine (10 mM) 引起的最大
鬆弛產生更進一步的鬆弛，表示除了能抑制 voltage (VOC) 及/或
receptor operated ccium channels (ROC) 外，尚有其他的鬆弛機轉。
然而其鬆弛反應不受上皮細胞去除或 propranolol (1 mM)、
glibenclamide (10 mM)、methylene blue (25 mM) 及
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (10 mM) 存在的影響，表示其鬆弛作用與
epithelium-derived relaxing factor(s)、b-adrenoceptor 受體活化、
ATP-敏感的鉀通道開啟、adenylate cyclase 或 guanylate cyclase活化
無關。
QPME (10, 20 mM) 類似 IBMX (3, 6 mM)，能使 forskolin 的對數濃度-
反應曲線向左平行移動，而於 20 mM 下亦可使 nitroprusside 的對數濃
度-反應曲線向左移動，使 forskolin 及 nitroprusside 的 pD2 值增加
，顯示其可能有抑制phosphodiesterase (PDE) 的作用。由 PDE 活性的
直接測定，得知 QPME (50-300 mM) 能抑制 cAMP-PDE 及 cGMP-PDE 的活
性，並於 50 及 100 mM 時對 cAMP-PDE 的抑制程度有意義的大於 cGMP-
PDE，因此推測 QPME 在此二種濃度下對 cAMP-PDE 的抑制能力較強。
The tracheal relaxant activities and action mechanisms of
quercetin methyl ether derivatives, including quercetin
4'-methyl ether (tamarixetin), quercetin 3,4',7-trimethyl ether
(ayanin), quercetin 3,3',4',7-tetramethyl ether (QTME) and
quercetin 3,3',4',5,7-pentamethyl ether (QPME) were analyzed and
compared with our previous studies of quercetin and quercetin
3-methyl ether to understand their structure-activity
relationship (SAR). The above querce\9?methyl ether derivatives
concentration-dependently reled the histamine (30 mM)-,
carbachol (0.2 mM)- and KCl (30 mM)-induced precontractions of
isolated guinea-pig trachea. Roughly, according to their IC25s,
the order of their relaxant activity was QPME, quercetin
3-methyl ether > quercetin, ayanin > tamarixetin > QTME. The SAR
was concluded as follows: (a) Methylation at position 3 or 5 on
quercetin, for example quercetin to quercetin 3-methyl ether and
QTME to QPME, largely increased their relaxant activity. (b)
Methylation at position 3' or 4' on quercetin,uch as ayanin to
QTME and quercetin to tamarixetin, reduced their relaxant
activity; and (c) The relaxant activity does not increase with
the number of methoxyl group because QTME has the lowest
relaxant effect and ayanin has lower relaxant activity than
quercetin 3-methyl ether.
The preincubation of the more potent quercetin methyl ether
derivative, QPME, non-competitively inhibited contraction
induced by cumulatively adding histamine, carbachol or KCl in
isolated guinea-pig trachea. In carbachol and KCl, the pD2'
values were significantly less than their -logIC50s. Therefore,
the inhibitory ability of QPME on calcium release from calcium
stores may be less potent than the suppression of calcium influx
from extracellular fluid in carbachol- and KCl- induced
contraction. QPME also n-competitively inhibited contractions of
the trachealis induced by cumulatively adding calcium into high
potassium (60 mM)-Ca2+ free medium in the trachealis. After
maximal relaxation on histamine (30 mM)-induced precontraction
by nifedipine (10 mM), QPME caused further relaxation of the
trachealis. The result suggests that QPME may have other
relaxant mechanisms in addition to inhibiting voltage (VOC) and/
or receptor operated calcium channels (ROC) in the trachealis.
However, its relaxant response was not fected by the removal of
epithelial cells or by the presences of propranolol (1 mM),
glibenclamide (10 mM), methyleneblue (25 mM) and
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (10 mM). Therefore, its relaxing effect
may not be related to epithelium derived relaxing factor(s),
activation of b-adrenoreceptor, opening of ATP-sensitive
potassium channels, or activation of guanylate cyclase or
adenylate cyclase.
Similar to IBMX (3-6 mM), QPME (10, 20 mM) parallelly leftward
shifted the log concentration-response curve of forskolin, and
at 20 mM, QPME also leftward shifted the log concentration-
response curve of nitroprusside, and reduced the pD2 values of
forskolin or nitroprusside. It suggests that QPME may inhibit
phosphodiesterase (PDE). In the assay of PDE activity, QPME
(50-300 mM) inhibited both cAMP- and cGMP-PDE. In the presence
of QPME 50 and 100 mM, the cAMP-PDE activity was significantly
lower than cGMP-E, suggesting that QPME has stronger inhibition
in cAMP-PDE than in cGMP-PDE activity at 50 and 100 mM. |
