| 摘要: | 背景
每年有數以萬計的位穆斯林於齋戒月期間禁食，自願於日出後與日落前，不吃、不
喝、不吸菸或不約會。
目的
本研究的目的為比較20-
30歲印尼穆斯林年輕成人其齋戒月與一般日的體位測量、膳食攝取量與生活型態。
研究方法
2013年齋戒月前共有165人（男=61，女=104）填答問卷，
只有49位受試者於齋戒月前與後完成體位測量與生活型態問卷，39位受試者提供一
般日與齋戒月的飲食紀錄。
結果
根據受試者的社會人口資料(n=165)，63%的受試者為女性，86.7%未婚,
67.3%居住於印尼，50.9%具有大學學歷，60%目前為大學生。受試者平均年齡24.3±
2.6歲。63%的受試者擁有正常BMI，15.2%肥胖，9.1%過重與12.7%體重過輕。
次樣本(n = 49)的社會人口資料中, 23位受試者為女性，43位未婚，
28位居住於印尼(n=28)，25位擁有大學學歷，33位目前為大學生。30位受試者擁有
正常BMI，10位肥胖，3位過重與6位過輕。
104位女性的平均體重達到的參考體重的98.7% ，61位男性的平均體重則為參考體重
106.3%。女性的平均身高達身高要求的占98.9%，男性的平均身高達身高要求的100.
4%。齋戒月之前，體重和BMI分別為55.8 ±10.8公斤， 22.0 ± 3.4 kg/m2 ± 3.4
kg/m2 。齋戒月之後，體重和BMI分別為54.8±10.7 kg 與21.6±3.4 kg/m2。
受試者的體重在齋戒月前與後之間的差異達到統計意義（n = 49 ，p = 0.008 ; 和
p = 0.012 )。
熱量、蛋白質、脂肪、n-6多不飽和脂肪酸與磷從一般日到齋戒月日則顯著減少。
（n = 39 ; 1687.7 ± 433.7到1521.3 ± 363.7仟卡， p = 0.004 ; 65.1 ± 20.9
54.7 ±15.8克， p值= 0.001 ; 62.3 ±21.0對49.4 ± 16.9公克，p <0.0001 ;
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13.8 ± 7.4到8.9 ±4.3公克， p < 0.0001 ; 839.1 ± 233.5到735.7 ± 215.7毫克，
p=0.005）。然而，碳水化合物攝取量並沒顯著改變（ 233.3 ± 113.6到215.6 ± 59.9公
克，P = 0.856 ）。
根據印尼RDA，男女性受試者的蛋白質、 n-6 多不飽和脂肪酸與磷攝取量為 100%
± 10% RDA， 但熱量、碳水化合物和脂肪並不是。
男性與女性維生素A的攝取量皆超過110 ％ RDA。熱量攝取量和其他營養素皆低於9
0%的RDA。因為其數據非常態分佈，所以以非參數檢驗（曼-
惠特尼U檢驗）分析男女性之熱量與營養素中位數是否相同。結果顯示，只有男女
性之鈣攝取量具顯著差異（ p = 0.024 ）。 生活型態， 運動持續時間、
與食物支出顯著下降（ 27.3 ± 26.9分鐘至16.1 ±18.9分鐘， p = 0.002 ，n = 49 ;
43595.9 ± 27645.2 IDR至36548.9 ± 29937.2，p = 0.02）。
齋戒月期間禁食與齋戒月前相比，睡眠時間和疾病的發生並與顯著改變。以McNem
ar檢驗分析，只有運動頻率於齋戒月期間有顯著改變（ n = 49， p = 0.002） 。
然而，其睡眠質量，健康狀況和食物就近，並沒有顯著的改變（n = 49，
p值分別為0.454、0.227與0.070）。
37.6%的受試者有體重計（n= 62），而62.4%則沒有（n = 103）。72.8% (n=75
受試者覺得測量體重很困難，覺得容易的只有22.3%，4.9%則未填答。僅有16位受
試者完成整個齋戒月的禁食，33位受試者沒有完全禁食。他們沒有於整個齋戒月完
全禁食的主要原因是月經（84.8%）。受試者禁食總天數平均為25.4 ±3.8天（n=49)
。於齋戒月期間禁食最少為17天。BMI和禁食總天數沒有顯著相關性（n=49,
p=0.772 ），體重和禁食總天數也無顯著相關性（n = 49，p = 0.749 ）
結論
多數受試者為大學生。印尼穆斯林年輕成人於齋戒月期間的體重、BMI、熱量、蛋
白質、脂肪、n-6 多不飽和脂肪酸、磷之攝取量；生活型態中的食物支出，
運動持續時間和運動頻率與一般日比較，則顯著減少或降低。印尼男性和女性的體
重和身高達到理想的措施。男女性的鈣攝取量於一般日與齋戒月期間達顯著差異。
Ramadan, but
only 49 subjects filled out the anthropometric and lifestyle factors questionnaires before
and after Ramadan, and 39 subjects provided the dietary records during regular days and
during Ramadan.
Results
For the socio demographic parameters (n=165), most of the subjects were female (63%),
were unmarried (86.7%), domicile in Indonesia (67.3%), having Bachelor degree (50.9%),
and college students (60%). The age of subjects was 24.3±2.6 years old. Moreover, most of
the subjects had normal range of BMI (63%), obese (15.2%), underweight (12.7%), and
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overweight (9.1%).
For the socio demographic characteristics of sub-sample (n=49), most of the subjects were
female (n=34), unmarried (n=43), domicile in Indonesia (n=28), having Bachelor degree
(n=25), and college students (n=33). Moreover, most of the subjects had normal of BMI
(n=30), obese (n=10), underweight (n=6), and overweight (n=3).
For the body weight by gender, the results showed there were 98.7% the recommendation for
body weight in female (n=104), as well as 106.3 % of the recommendation for body weight in
male (n=61). While the mean of height, there were 98.9% of the recommendation for height
in female, and 100.4% of the recommendation for height in male. Before Ramadan, the body
weight and BMI was 55.8±10.8 kg and 22.0±3.4 kg/m2, respectively. After Ramadan, the
body weight and BMI was 54.8±10.7 kg and 21.6±3.4 kg/m2, respectively. The differences
between the subjects‟ body weight as well as their BMI reported before and after Ramadan
were significant (n=49; p=0.008; and p=0.012, respectively).
Energy, protein, fat, n-6 PUFA, and phosphorus reduced significantly from regular to
Ramadan days (n=39; 1687.7±433.7 to 1521.3±363.7 kcal, p=0.004; 65.1±20.9 to
54.7±15.8 g, p=0.001; 62.3±21.0 to 49.4±16.9 g, p<0.0001; 13.8±7.4 to 8.9±4.3 g,
p<0.0001; 839.1±233.5 to 735.7±215.7 mg, p=0.005, respectively). However, carbohydrate
intake did not change significantly (233.3±113.6 to 215.6±59.9 g, p=0.856).
Based on RDA in Indonesia, the percentage of intakes of protein, n-6 PUFA, and
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phosphorus showed approaching RDA in both female and male, but not in energy,
carbohydrate and fat. The percentage of intakes of energy, carbohydrate and fat were less
than 90% RDA in both female and male. In other hand, the intake of vitamin A was more
than 110% RDA, referred over intake in both female and male. A nonparametric test
(Mann-Whitney U test) was used for analyzing the difference of median of energy and
nutrients in female and male, because the data were not normal distribution. The results
showed only calcium which was significant difference between female and male
(p=0.024).
Of the lifestyle factors, exercise durations, and food expenses decreased significantly
(n=49; 27.3±26.9 minutes to 16.1±18.9 minutes, p=0.002; 43595.9±27645.2 IDR to
36548.9±29937.2 IDR, p=0.02, respectively). Moreover, sleep durations and disease
occurrences did not change significantly during Ramadan fasting compared to during last 3
months before Ramadan. Using McNemar‟s test, only frequency of exercise significantly
changed during Ramadan (n=49, p=0.002). However, no significant tendency was found
for subjects Regarding their sleep quality, health status, and food access (n=49; p= 0.454;
p=0.227; p=0.070, respectively).
For other informations, the subjects had weighing scale were 37.6% (n=62), while there
were 62.4% who did not had it (n=103). The number of subjects who felt difficult for
weighing body weight were 72.8% (n=75), only 22.3% who felt easy, and 4.9% missing.
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There were 32.7% of subject who did full month fasting (n=16), and 67.3% of subjects did
not fast completely (n=33). The most reason why they did not fasting in full month was
period of menstruation (84.8%) in female. Found of the results, the frequencies of total
fasting days were 25.4±3.8 days in subjects (n=49). The minimum days of fasting in
subjects were 17 days during Ramadan. Furthermore, we found that there was no
correlation between the difference of BMI and total fasting days (n=49, p=0.772), as well
as the difference of body weight and total fasting days (n=49, p=0.749)
Conclusions
The majority of subjects are college students. The body weight, BMI; intake of energy,
protein, fat, n-6 PUFA, phosphorus; lifestyles of food expenses, exercise durations, and
frequency of exercise of young adult Indonesian Muslims decreased significantly during
Ramadan fasting when compared those in regular days. Both male and female, the body
weight and the height approach ideal measures in Indonesia. |
