| 摘要: | 朮的種類繁多，其中白朮及蒼朮都廣被收載於藥典中，但同科同屬的和白朮，卻未被收載於臺灣中藥典使用，因此本論文將探討白朮、蒼朮及和白朮之差異，並利用抗發炎活性追蹤，分離和白朮之抗發炎活性成分。
朮與其品種經n-hexane萃取後，利用LPS誘導RAW 264.7細胞發炎模式進行篩選，結果和白朮比白朮及北蒼朮具較強抑制發炎前驅物一氧化氮的能力。繼而利用管柱層析技術，從和白朮n-hexane萃取物分離純化獲得5個成分，atractylon、atractylenolide Ⅰ、atractylenolide Ⅱ、8-epiasterolid與atractylenolide Ⅲ。指標成分定量結果發現和白朮atractylon含量最多，白朮是atractylenolide Ⅰ含量最多，而北蒼朮是β-eudesmol與atractylodin含量多於其於兩者，由結果我們建議atractylon、atractylenolide I、β-eudesmol與atractylodin可以成為和白朮、白朮與北蒼朮的指標成分。和白朮是否可取代白朮或蒼朮使用。以腎著湯及二妙散進行替換實驗，結果腎著湯n-hexane萃取之和白朮與白朮處方成分相似，且atractylon越多，抑制一氧化碳能力越強；水煎煮之處方成分幾乎相同，且無抑制一氧化碳之作用。二妙散n-hexane萃取之和白朮與茅蒼朮、北蒼朮及白朮皆不相似，且atractylon越多，抑制一氧化碳能力越強；水煎煮之處方成分幾乎相同，且無抑制一氧化碳之作用。利用上述指標成分以體外抗發炎模式評估，發現atractylon具有較強抑制LPS誘導RAW 264.7細胞產生發炎作用，可下降NO、PGE2產生、iNOS及COX-2表現。在餵服atractylon 40 mg/kg時，可抑制小鼠足掌腫脹之發炎反應及抑制輻射熱源和醋酸引起的疼痛反應，顯示atractylon是和白朮之主要抗發炎成分。綜合上述結果，和白朮具有消炎、止痛之作用，其主要抗發炎活成分為atractylon (蒼朮酮)，且抗發炎功效比白朮及北蒼朮佳，替換於處方中，水煎液組成亦無顯著差異，故建議和白朮可以作為新中藥資源使用。
Atractylodes Rhizoma have many species, including Atradctylodes lancea Thunb., Atractylods chinensis Koidzumi and Atrasctylodes macrocephala Koidzumi. There were widely recorded in the pharmacopoeia, however Atractylodes japonica did not be recorded in Taiwan herbal pharmacopeia. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of A. macrocephala, A. chinensis and A. japonica and isolated the anti-inflammatiory constituents from A. japonica by
chromatography.
A. macrocephala, A. chinensis and A. japonica were extracted by n-hexane and the inhibition effects of their extracts were evaluated by LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells model. Among the n-hexane extracts, A. japonica was stronger inhibited NO production than others from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Five sesquiterpenoids, atractylon, atractylenolideⅠ, atractylenolide Ⅱ, 8-epiasterolid and atractylenolide Ⅲ were isolated from A. japonica. Atractylon was richer in A. japonica; atractylenolide I was richer in A. macrocephala; atractylodin and β-eudesmol was richer in A. chinensis than others. Therefore, we suggested the four compounds, atractylon, atractylenolide I, atractylodin and β-eudesmol could be as the substance markers in A. japonica, A. macrocephala and A. chinensis. The prescriptions of Shengzo Tang (腎著湯) and Ermiao San (二妙散) were changed their one of herbs, and investigated by the HPLC fingerprints. The results showed A. japonica was similar to A. macrocephala in n-hexane extract of Shengzo Tang. Moreover, in n-hexane extract of Ermiao San, A. japonica was different than A. lancea and A. chinensis. When the n-hexane extract of Shengzo Tang and Ermiao San contented more atractylon, it had stronger NO inhibition activity. However, there were no difference in Shengzo Tang and Ermiao San decoction and did not have NO inhibition. Among the substance markers of Atractylodes Rhizoma, atractylon showed significantly inhibited NO, PGE2 production and iNOS, COX-2 expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Atractylon showed significantly reduce in the acetic acid-induced writhing response, carrageenan-induced paw edema and hot-plate latent pain response in mice at 40 mg/kg. In according to the results, A. japonica showed anti-inflammatory and anti-neciceptive activities, and atractylon was the major active component. If Atractylodes Rhizoma was changed to A. japonica, the substance markers of TCM prescriptions did not be changed in Shengzo Tang and Ermiao San decoction. Therefore, we suggested A. japonica could be a new herbal resource. |
