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| 題名: | 收入不平等、社會資本和自評健康
The interrelationship among income inequality, social capital, and self-rated health |
| 作者: | 李孟芸
Lee, Meng-Yun |
| 關鍵詞: | 社會資本;自評健康;收入不平等;國家發展差異;Social Capital;self-rated health;income inequality;national development differences |
| 日期: | 2012-06-25 |
| 上傳時間: | 2018-10-01 13:52:49 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 研究目的：本研究使用跨國多層次的資料探討全球84個國家在不同時間點之收入不平等、社會資本以及自評健康三者之間的關係，想了解社會資本是否為收入不平等和自評健康之中介因子，並探討上述的關係是否隨著國家發展程度的不同而有所差異。
研究方法：從世界價值調查中獲得1984-2008年間，有收集自評健康、社會信任、社會參與和基本人口學等相關資訊的國家，並從世界銀行、世界收入不平等等資料庫中獲得各個國家的吉尼係數以及人均國內生產毛額等資訊，最後總樣本共有84國，共237,300人納入分析。
結果：收入不平等與社會資本的關係會隨著國家依發展程度而有所差異，在已發展國家中，國家的吉尼係數與社會信任、社會參與之間並沒有相關，但在發展中國家，吉尼係數則會與個人以及國家層次的社會參與有顯著相關。至於在收入不平等、社會資本以及自評健康三者關係的部份，在控制過相關影響因子以後，個人的自評健康會與國家的社會參與、個人層次社會信任、社會參與有顯著相關；依國家的發展程度分層分析後，在已發展國家中，個人的自評健康與個人層次社會信任、社會參與的部份仍維持顯著相關，但在發展中國家中，個人的自評健康則只與個人的社會信任、人均國內生產毛額有關。
結論：本研究結果顯示，收入不平等與社會資本有關，社會資本與自評健康有關，但無法證實社會資本是否為收入不平等和自評健康之中介因子，唯一可以確認的是個人層次的社會資本與自評健康的關係較群體層次的社會資本顯著以及上述的關係會隨著國家發展程度的不同而有所差異。
Objective: A multi-level study design was used to explore the relationship between income inequality and self-rated health in different countries. This study examined whether this relationship was mediated by social capital and whether this mediating relationship varied by the level of the country`s development.
Methods: The study sample was from the World Value Survey. The sample included 237,300 adults in 84 countries. Measurements of self-rated health, social trust, social participation, and sociodemographic characteristics were obtained from the World Valued Survey. Gini coefficients and GDP per capita were obtained from World Bank and World Income Inequality Database. Generalized linear mixed models and mixed models were used in the analyses.
Results: The relationship between income inequality and social capital varied by the level of the country`s development. In the developed countries, there was no association between Gini coefficients and social capital. However, in the less-developed countries, Gini coefficients were significantly associated with individual-level and country-level social participation. With regards to the influences of Gini coefficients and social capital on self-rated health, after controlling for GDP per capita and individual-level sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated health was associated with individual trust, individual social participation, and country-level social participation. After stratifying by the level of the country`s development, the effects of individual trust and individual social participation on self-rated health remained significant in the developed countries, whereas only the effects of individual trust on self-rated health was significant in less-developed countries.
Conclusion: This study showed that income inequality was associated with social capital and social capital was associated with self-rated health, but we could not confirm whether social capital served as the mediator between income inequality and self-rated health. The study demonstrated that the effects of individual-level social capital on self-rated health were stronger that the effects of country-level social capital. The interrelationship among income inequality, social capital, and self-rated health varied by the level of the country’s development. |
| 描述: | 碩士
指導教授-莊媖智
委員-董和銳
委員-曾凡真 |
| 資料類型: | thesis |
| 顯示於類別: | [公共衛生學系暨研究所] 博碩士論文
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