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| 題名: | 低收入國家經濟、環境和衛生因子對嬰兒死亡率和五歲以下兒童死亡率之影響
Influences of economic, environmental, and health services characteristics on infant mortality and under-five mortality in low-income countries |
| 作者: | 陳思靜
Chen, Ssu-Ching |
| 貢獻者: | 莊媖智 |
| 關鍵詞: | 嬰兒死亡率,五歲以下兒童死亡率,生態足跡,二氧化碳排放,生態不平等交換,依賴理論,時間遲滯模式,低收入國家
Infant mortality,Under-five mortality,Ecological footprint,Carbon dioxide emission,Deforestation,Ecological unequal exchange,Dependency theory,Low-income countries,Developing countries |
| 日期: | 2013-06-19 |
| 上傳時間: | 2018-09-27 15:41:35 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 健康不平等是國家群體健康重要的議題，目前關於嬰兒死亡率及兒童死亡率影響因子之跨國研究，多注重於國家之社會人口學因子的影響，並且多為橫斷式研究，較少有針對低收入國家的多年研究。本研究根據生態不平等交換理論以及依賴理論，同時考慮環境因子(生態足跡、二氧化碳排放量、森林砍伐與有機水汙染)、經濟因子(外債、總出口量、製造業經濟活動與出口至高收入國家)以及衛生因子(專業接生、疫苗接種、醫師密度與安全飲用水)三方面探討在1980 ~2011 年中對79個低收入國家之嬰兒死亡率與五歲以下兒童死亡率的長期影響。
研究結果顯示，經濟因子之製造業經濟活動比例對於低收入國家之嬰兒及兒童死亡率有負面影響，並且產生時間遲滯效應。環境因子中，生態足跡及森林砍伐與低收入國家之嬰兒死亡率或兒童死亡率皆為負相關，且具時間遲滯效應。二氧化碳則有助於降低十年後嬰兒及兒童死亡率。關於衛生因子，專業接生、疫苗接種、醫師密度與安全飲用水皆有助於降低國家之嬰兒死亡率及兒童死亡率，亦同樣具有時間遲滯效應。外債與總出口量會降低專業接生比例，總出口量則會提高疫苗接種比率及安全飲用水取得。製造業經濟活動與出口至高收入國家比率愈高，使得生態足跡增加，而總出口量與製造業經濟活動則會使二氧化碳排放量提高。
This study assessed whether the economic (external debt, total exports, manufacturing activities, and export to high-income economies), environmental(ecological footprint, carbon dioxide emissions, deforestation, and organic water pollution), and health services characteristics (professionally attended delivery, immunization coverage, physician density, and improved water source) were associated with infant mortality and under-five mortality in 79 low-income countries from 1980 to 2011 based on ecological unequal exchange theory and dependency theory.
Results illustrated that manufacturing activity had time-lagged effects and had negatively effects on infant mortality rates (IMR) and under-five mortality rates (U5MR). Ecological footprint and deforestation were negatively associated with IMR and U5MR and there was a time-lagged effect. Carbon dioxide emissions reduced 10-year-lagged IMR and U5MR. All of the health services factors, including professionally assisted delivery, immunization coverage, physician density, and improved water source, were beneficial to decrease IMR and U5MR as well. External debt and total exports had negative effects on professionally assisted delivery. Total exports had positive effects on immunization coverage and access to improved water source. High manufacturing activities and export to high-income economies increased ecological footprint. Total export and manufacturing activities increased carbon dioxide emissions. |
| 描述: | 碩士論文
指導教授-莊媖智
委員-吳章甫
委員-胡景堯 |
| 資料類型: | thesis |
| 顯示於類別: | [公共衛生學系暨研究所] 碩博論文
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