| 摘要: | 本研究試圖了解同性戀者在以異性戀者為主的社會情境中所經歷的認同議題。在同性戀者的內在世界以及外在現實中，存在著許多企圖改變同性戀者性傾向的力量。這些力量的展現，主要以關於家庭（family）以及性（sexuality）的論述（discourse）的型式，如同「微血管」般，存在於同性戀者生命裏的各個角落。橫向而言，這些論述散佈在家庭、學校、媒體、教會、同志團體、酒吧等場所。縱向而言，每位同性戀者在其生命歷程中時時刻刻與這些論述對話並且行動。
過去，同性戀研究的理論導引可以大致分為醫學與社會學兩類，醫學研究關注的重點主要在公共衛生與國民健康，而社會學研究則大多以少數及弱勢的角度來理解同性戀族群，並同時批判前述醫學研究中隱含對同性戀者的醫療化與社會控制。
本研究則採取一個不同的研究方向，強調這些要求男同性戀者改變的力量如同「微血管」般的特質，並試圖回答以下兩個問題：什麼樣的力量要求男同性戀者改變性傾向？這些力量如何影響男同性戀者的生命經驗？
本研究以參與觀察為主要研究法，以男同性戀者的日常經驗與生活事件為底本，呈現男同性戀者的生命歷程與內在世界。
本研究發現，尋找認同是影響男同性戀者生命的一項重要因素，同時也發現認同的尋找過程是持續、變動且非線性的。一個男同性戀者因應來自家庭與社會壓力的策略，諸如是否出櫃？要不要結婚？以及對於改變性傾向的意願，其實是一連串尋找認同的行動。
男同性戀者的生命之所以發展出那麼多不同的樣貌，便是在最私密的身體經驗與最公開的社會經驗之間，在當今社會中關於家庭（family）的概念、以及性（sexuality）的發展與滿足上，不斷尋找認同與尋求平衡所展現出來不同的生命故事。
The purpose of the current study is to elucidate the identity issue of the homosexual. Both inner conflict of the homosexual and outward force from the society influence sexual orientation of the homosexual. Discourse of family as well as sexuality is the representation of these forces. Just like “capillary”, these forces exist everywhere in the lives of the homosexual. On the one hand, the discourse can be found in various places, such as family, school, mass media, church, gay grouping, and pub, etc. On the other hand, each individual homosexual constantly takes part in the discourse mentioned above and adapt himself accordingly.
Medical and social research used to dominate the studies
of homosexuality. The focus of medical research was on public and national health, while most of the social research, in minority terms, not only placed emphasis on the empathy for the homosexual’s situations but criticized the medicalization and social control implicated by the medical research.
The current study adopted a different research direction to investigate the “capillary-like” forces, which have the potentiality to change the sexual orientation of the homosexual. Specifically, the current research will provide information with regard to the following two questions: firstly, which forces would make the homosexual change their sexual orientation; secondly, how these forces shape the life experiences of the homosexual.
Participant observation was adopted as the major research method in the current study. Life course and inner conflict of the homosexual were demonstrated through the description of their everyday experiences and life events.
The current research found that identification is an important factor influencing the life of the homosexual. The current study also found that, rather than linear, the process of identification is constant and dynamic. Specifically, due to the forces from family and the society, considerations about issues such as come-out, marriage and the change of sexual orientation equate behaviors of identification.
Constant bending efforts to the balance between the intimate body and pubic social experiences and that between the concept of family and the development and contentment about sexuality determine the various life displays of the homosexual. |
