| 摘要: | 研究背景
油畫創作會使用大量的松節油，松節油屬於揮發性有機化合物，急性暴露可能會有刺激感、頭痛、頭昏眼花及排尿疼痛等症狀，長期暴露會導致皮膚脫脂、過敏發癢，甚至有腎臟、神經及記憶受損的情形產生。目前各大專院校美術系所有超過六千位學生修習油畫課程，然過去對於油畫教室的室內空氣品質研究相當少，且大專院校進行人體油畫課程時通常會關閉門窗，可能使室內空氣品質更加惡劣。了解國內大專院校美術系油畫教室的室內空氣品質與松節油濃度及其影響因素，可提供相關系所改善環境品質，促進師生健康，故進行本研究。
研究方法
自國內三所大專院校美術系各選取一間人體素描油畫教室為研究對象，利用室內空氣品質監測器(KD Airboxx)記錄室內空氣品質指標(二氧化碳、一氧化碳、溫度、相對濕度、臭氧、總揮發有機化合物)，並使用不鏽鋼管填充Tneax-TA吸附劑，搭配自動熱脫附儀(ATD-400)連接氣相層析質譜儀(GC/MS Clarus 600)進行松節油(α-pinene, β-pinene and Δ-3-carene)的採樣與分析。採樣期間為100年3~4月間，每校均每週採樣一次，連續五週；每間教室採3~5個樣本點，每點在上課前及每隔20~30分鐘採一個樣本，採樣時間同時記錄現場人員活動情形及通風狀況。另外並分析目前市面常見的各類油品，了解其成分差異。
研究結果
三所學校的油畫教室各項空氣汙染物濃度有隨著上課時間而增加的趨勢，各校二氧化碳濃度平均介於752 ppm到1130 ppm，各校最高濃度均超過1000ppm且最大值達2070 ppm；各校總揮發有機化合物平均介於5.6 ppm至6.6 ppm之間，各校最高濃度均超過10 ppm且最大值達19.6 ppm；各校臭氧濃度介於46.9 ppb到53.4 ppb，各校最高濃度均超過100 ppb且最大值達181 ppb。整體而言，樣本教室此三項汙染物濃度許多時候超過我國室內空氣品質建議值。松節油濃度各校
II
平均介於2.59 mg/m3至6.16 mg/m3，兩校最大值未超過10 mg/m3，但一校最大值達35.86 mg/m3。多變項迴歸分析結果顯示，作畫人數及通風有無是影響松節油濃度的重要因子。
結論
本研究發現三所大學油畫教室室內空氣品質普遍不良，二氧化碳、總揮發性有機化合物與臭氧濃度有許多時候超過我國環保署室內空氣品質建議值；而松節油濃度雖遠低於職業暴露限值，但教室內的刺鼻味道值得關切。有鑒於教室通風不良情形普遍，建議作畫期間不宜過多人擠在同一間教室內作畫，並且要增加室內的通風效率，以改善室內空氣品質。
Background
Turpentine oil is widely used in oil painting. High level of volatile turpentine oil could lead acute symptoms such as excitement, headache, dizziness, and urination pain; and long term exposure could cause allergic, itching, damage of kidney and even impaired memory. There are thousands of students and teachers involving in university oil painting classes in Taiwan, but few studies have been conducted to examine the air quality of oil painting classrooms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the air quality and levels of turpentine oil in university oil painting classrooms, and hope the results will help universities to improve their teaching environment.
Materials and Methods
Three oil painting classrooms in three universities were selected as study subjects. A real- time air monitor was used to collect the climate parameters ( temperature and relative humility), and concentrations of CO2, CO, O3 and TVOC. Turpentine samples were collected with stainless steel sampling tubes containing Tenax TA, and then analyzed with automatic thermal desorption device and GC-MS. All samples were collected once a week for five successive weeks during March and April 2011. For each classroom, 3 to 5 representative sampling sites were selected and a background sample before class and the successive samples at intervals of 20 to 30 minutes were collected until the end of course. Information about the number of occupants and their activities as well as ventilating condition of each classroom in each sampling day was recorded. Except field survey, the common used commercial painting oil products were also collected for ingredients analysis.
IV
Results
The weekly measurements showed that most of air pollutants increased gradually through the class. The average CO2 conc. in three classrooms was 752 to 1130 ppm, the highest measurement was higher than 1000 ppm in each classroom and among them the highest one was 2070 ppm. The average TVOC conc. in three classrooms was 5.6 to 6.6 ppm, the maximal measurement was higher than 10 ppm in each classroom and among them the highest one was 19.6 ppm. The average O3 conc. in three classrooms was 46.9 to 53.4 ppb, the maximum value was higher than 100 ppb in each classroom and among them the greatest one was 181 ppb. In general, the conc. of these three pollutants in three classrooms usually exceeded the Taiwan EPA’s suggested levels. The average turpentine conc. in three classrooms were 2.59 to 6.16 mg/m3, the maximum value was less than 10 mg/m3 in two classrooms, but the highest one was 35.86 mg/m3. The multiple regression model showed that the number of occupants and the ventilating condition were correlated with the concentration of turpentine.
Conclusion
Poor indoor air condition in university oil painting classrooms was found in this study, the conc. of CO2, TVOC and O3 in three classrooms usually exceeded the Taiwan EPA’s suggested levels. All levels of turpentine were quite lower than occupational exposure limits, however the pungent smell spread all over the classroom should be concerned. The authorities should reduce the number of students in each class and increase air change rates to improve the air quality. |
