| 描述: | 摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
致謝 IV
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 VII
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
一、 糖尿病 2
二、 影響糖尿病進展之因子 3
三、 大豆蛋白質 6
四、 大豆儲存蛋白 Β-CONGLYCININ 8
第三章 研究目的 9
第四章 材料與方法 10
一、實驗動物 10
二、實驗設計 11
三、樣本蒐集與處理 12
四、統計分析 24
第五章結果 25
一、體重和攝食量 25
二、血糖和胰島素濃度 25
三、腎臟中 PPAR-?? 蛋白質表現量 25
四、組織中 TNF-a 濃度 26
五、組織中ACE 的活性 26
六、收縮壓 26
七、血漿總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇及游離脂肪酸濃度 26
八、肝臟總膽固醇和三酸甘油酯濃度 27
九、糞便總膽固醇和膽酸濃度 27
十、血漿尿素氮、肌酸酐及鈣、磷濃度 28
十一、尿中尿素氮、肌酸酐、總蛋白、白蛋白濃度及肌酸酐廓清率 28
十二、病理切片 29
第六章 討論 30
一、糖尿病腎病變動物模式建立 30
二、大豆蛋白和 b-CONGLYCININ 對血糖的影響 31
三、大豆蛋白和 b-CONGLYCININ 對血壓和蛋白尿的影響 33
四、大豆蛋白和 b-CONGLYCININ 對脂質代謝的影響 35
五、大豆蛋白和 b-CONGLYCININ 對腎功能指標的影響 37
六、大豆蛋白和 b-CONGLYCININ 對腎臟組織型態的影響 38
第七章 結論 39
第八章 參考文獻 40
American Society of Health System Pharmacists. (2003). ASHP therapeutic position statement on strict glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm 60, 2357-2362.
Adams, M.R., Golden, D.L., Franke, A.A., Potter, S.M., Smith, H.S., and Anthony, M.S. (2004). Dietary soy beta-conglycinin (7S globulin) inhibits atherosclerosis in mice. J Nutr 134, 511-516.
Anderson, J.W., Johnstone, B.M., and Cook-Newell, M.E. (1995). Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids. N Engl J Med 333, 276-282.
Aoyama, T., Kohno, M., Saito, T., Fukui, K., Takamatsu, K., Yamamoto, T., Hashimoto, Y., Hirotsuka, M., and Kito, M. (2001). Reduction by phytate-reduced soybean beta-conglycinin of plasma triglyceride level of young and adult rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 65, 1071-1075.
Aukema, H.M., Housini, I., and Rawling, J.M. (1999). Dietary soy protein effects on inherited polycystic kidney disease are influenced by gender and protein level. J Am Soc Nephrol 10, 300-308.
Bajaj, M., Suraamornkul, S., Hardies, L.J., Pratipanawatr, T., and DeFronzo, R.A. (2004). Plasma resistin concentration, hepatic fat content, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type II diabetic patients. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28, 783-789.
Bakris, G.L., Williams, M., Dworkin, L., Elliott, W.J., Epstein, M., Toto, R., Tuttle, K., Douglas, J., Hsueh, W., and Sowers, J. (2000). Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: a consensus approach. National Kidney Foundation Hypertension and Diabetes Executive Committees Working Group. Am J Kidney Dis 36, 646-661.
Banerji, M.A., Chaiken, R.L., Gordon, D., Kral, J.G., and Lebovitz, H.E. (1995). Does intra-abdominal adipose tissue in black men determine whether NIDDM is insulin-resistant or insulin-sensitive? Diabetes 44, 141-146.
Barratt, J., and Topham, P. (2007). Urine proteomics: the present and future of measuring urinary protein components in disease. CMAJ 177, 361-368.
Barroso, I., Gurnell, M., Crowley, V.E., Agostini, M., Schwabe, J.W., Soos, M.A., Maslen, G.L., Williams, T.D., Lewis, H., Schafer, A.J., et al. (1999). Dominant negative mutations in human PPARgamma associated with severe insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Nature 402, 880-883.
Barsotti, G., Navalesi, R., Giampietro, O., Ciardella, F., Morelli, E., Cupisti, A., Mantovanelli, A., and Giovannetti, S. (1988). Effects of a vegetarian, supplemented diet on renal function, proteinuria, and glucose metabolism in patients with 'overt' diabetic nephropathy and renal insufficiency. Contrib Nephrol 65, 87-94.
Cederroth, C.R., Vinciguerra, M., Gjinovci, A., Kuhne, F., Klein, M., Cederroth, M., Caille, D., Suter, M., Neumann, D., James, R.W., et al. (2008). Dietary phytoestrogens activate AMP-activated protein kinase with improvement in lipid and glucose metabolism. Diabetes 57, 1176-1185.
Charles, M.A., Eschwege, E., Thibult, N., Claude, J.R., Warnet, J.M., Rosselin, G.E., Girard, J., and Balkau, B. (1997). The role of non-esterified fatty acids in the deterioration of glucose tolerance in Caucasian subjects: results of the Paris Prospective Study. Diabetologia 40, 1101-1106.
Chen, J.R., Chiou, S.F., Suetsuna, K., Yang, H.Y., and Yang, S.C. (2003). Lipid metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats affected by feeding cholesterol-free diets containing different amounts of non-dialyzed soybean protein fraction. Nutrition 19, 676-680.
Chen, S.T., Chen, J.R., Yang, C.S., Peng, S.J., and Ferng, S.H. (2006a). Effect of soya protein on serum lipid profile and lipoprotein concentrations in patients undergoing hypercholesterolaemic haemodialysis. Br J Nutr 95, 366-371.
Chen, S.T., Yang, H.Y., Huang, H.Y., Peng, S.J., and Chen, J.R. (2006b). Effects of various soya protein hydrolysates on lipid profile, blood pressure and renal function in five-sixths nephrectomized rats. Br J Nutr 96, 435-441.
Cravedi, P., Ruggenenti, P., and Remuzzi, G. (2009). Intensified inhibition of renin-angiotensin system: a way to improve renal protection? Curr Hypertens Rep 11, 118-124.
Das, S., Santra, A., Lahiri, S., and Guha Mazumder, D.N. (2005). Implications of oxidative stress and hepatic cytokine (TNF-alpha and IL-6) response in the pathogenesis of hepatic collagenesis in chronic arsenic toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 204, 18-26.
De Taeye, B.M., Novitskaya, T., McGuinness, O.P., Gleaves, L., Medda, M., Covington, J.W., and Vaughan, D.E. (2007). Macrophage TNF-alpha contributes to insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293, E713-725.
Ferrannini, E., Camastra, S., Coppack, S.W., Fliser, D., Golay, A., and Mitrakou, A. (1997). Insulin action and non-esterified fatty acids. The European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Proc Nutr Soc 56, 753-761.
Festa, A., D'Agostino, R., Jr., Howard, G., Mykkanen, L., Tracy, R.P., and Haffner, S.M. (2000). Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulation 102, 42-47.
Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane Stanley, G.H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226, 497-509.
Ginsberg, H.N. (2000). Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Invest 106, 453-458.
Grundy, S.M., Ahrens, E.H., Jr., and Miettinen, T.A. (1965). Quantitative Isolation and Gas--Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Total Fecal Bile Acids. J Lipid Res 6, 397-410.
Grundy, S.M., Benjamin, I.J., Burke, G.L., Chait, A., Eckel, R.H., Howard, B.V., Mitch, W., Smith, S.C., Jr., and Sowers, J.R. (1999). Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 100, 1134-1146.
Guan, Y., Zhang, Y., Schneider, A., Davis, L., Breyer, R.M., and Breyer, M.D. (2001). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activity is associated with renal microvasculature. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281, F1036-1046.
Gurnell, M. (2005). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the regulation of adipocyte function: lessons from human genetic studies. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 19, 501-523.
Haffner, S.M., Howard, G., Mayer, E., Bergman, R.N., Savage, P.J., Rewers, M., Mykkanen, L., Karter, A.J., Hamman, R., and Saad, M.F. (1997). Insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response in African-Americans, non-Hispanic whites, and Hispanics with NIDDM: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes 46, 63-69.
Hirsch, I.B., Kelly, J., and Cooper, S. (1999). Pulmonary edema associated with troglitazone therapy. Arch Intern Med 159, 1811.
Ismail, N., Becker, B., Strzelczyk, P., and Ritz, E. (1999). Renal disease and hypertension in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int 55, 1-28.
Jiang, G., Dallas-Yang, Q., Liu, F., Moller, D.E., and Zhang, B.B. (2003). Salicylic acid reverses phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) serine 307 phosphorylation and insulin resistance in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. J Biol Chem 278, 180-186.
Jibani, M.M., Bloodworth, L.L., Foden, E., Griffiths, K.D., and Galpin, O.P. (1991). Predominantly vegetarian diet in patients with incipient and early clinical diabetic nephropathy: effects on albumin excretion rate and nutritional status. Diabet Med 8, 949-953.
Jonk, A.M., Houben, A.J., de Jongh, R.T., Serne, E.H., Schaper, N.C., and Stehouwer, C.D. (2007). Microvascular dysfunction in obesity: a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated insulin resistance and hypertension. Physiology (Bethesda) 22, 252-260.
Koomans, H.A., Roos, J.C., Dorhout Mees, E.J., and Delawi, I.M. (1985). Sodium balance in renal failure. A comparison of patients with normal subjects under extremes of sodium intake. Hypertension 7, 714-721.
Lee, S., Kim, W., Moon, S.O., Sung, M.J., Kim, D.H., Kang, K.P., Jang, Y.B., Lee, J.E., Jang, K.Y., and Park, S.K. (2006). Rosiglitazone ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal injury in mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 21, 2096-2105.
Lo, W.M., and Li-Chan, E.C. (2005). Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion of soy protein. J Agric Food Chem 53, 3369-3376.
Lovati, M.R., Manzoni, C., Gianazza, E., Arnoldi, A., Kurowska, E., Carroll, K.K., and Sirtori, C.R. (2000). Soy protein peptides regulate cholesterol homeostasis in Hep G2 cells. J Nutr 130, 2543-2549.
Lu, M.P., Wang, R., Song, X., Chibbar, R., Wang, X., Wu, L., and Meng, Q.H. (2008). Dietary soy isoflavones increase insulin secretion and prevent the development of diabetic cataracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nutr Res 28, 464-471.
Lusas, E.W., and Riaz, M.N. (1995). Soy protein products: processing and use. J Nutr 125, 573S-580S.
MacLeod, M.J., and McLay, J. (1998). Drug treatment of hypertension complicating diabetes mellitus. Drugs 56, 189-202.
Mason, R.M., and Wahab, N.A. (2003). Extracellular matrix metabolism in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 14, 1358-1373.
Matoba, N., Yamada, Y., and Yoshikawa, M. (2003). Design of a genetically modified soybean protein preventing hypertension based on an anti-hypertensive peptide derived from ovalbumin. Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents 1, 197-202.
McMillan, M.A., Briggs, J.D., and Junor, B.J. (1990). Outcome of renal replacement treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus. BMJ 301, 540-544.
Mokdad, A.H., Ford, E.S., Bowman, B.A., Nelson, D.E., Engelgau, M.M., Vinicor, F., and Marks, J.S. (2001). The continuing increase of diabetes in the US. Diabetes Care 24, 412.
Moller, N.P., Scholz-Ahrens, K.E., Roos, N., and Schrezenmeir, J. (2008). Bioactive peptides and proteins from foods: indication for health effects. Eur J Nutr 47, 171-182.
Narita, I., Alchi, B., Omori, K., Sato, F., Ajiro, J., Saga, D., Kondo, D., Skatsume, M., Maruyama, S., Kazama, J.J., et al. (2006). Etiology and prognostic significance of severe uremic pruritus in chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 69, 1626-1632.
Nelson, R.G., Knowler, W.C., Pettitt, D.J., Hanson, R.L., and Bennett, P.H. (1995). Incidence and determinants of elevated urinary albumin excretion in Pima Indians with NIDDM. Diabetes Care 18, 182-187.
Newman, D.J., Thakkar, H., Edwards, R.G., Wilkie, M., White, T., Grubb, A.O., and Price, C.P. (1994). Serum cystatin C: a replacement for creatinine as a biochemical marker of GFR. Kidney Int Suppl 47, S20-21.
Odegaard, J.I., and Chawla, A. (2008). Mechanisms of macrophage activation in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 4, 619-626.
Ohga, S., Shikata, K., Yozai, K., Okada, S., Ogawa, D., Usui, H., Wada, J., Shikata, Y., and Makino, H. (2007). Thiazolidinedione ameliorates renal injury in experimental diabetic rats through anti-inflammatory effects mediated by inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292, F1141-1150.
Pickup, J.C., Chusney, G.D., Thomas, S.M., and Burt, D. (2000). Plasma interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha and blood cytokine production in type 2 diabetes. Life Sci 67, 291-300.
Remuzzi, G., Schieppati, A., and Ruggenenti, P. (2002). Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 346, 1145-1151.
Sezik, E., Aslan, M., Yesilada, E., and Ito, S. (2005). Hypoglycaemic activity of Gentiana olivieri and isolation of the active constituent through bioassay-directed fractionation techniques. Life Sci 76, 1223-1238.
Sirtori, C.R., Even, R., and Lovati, M.R. (1993). Soybean protein diet and plasma cholesterol: from therapy to molecular mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 676, 188-201.
Sugano, M., and Koba, K. (1993). Dietary protein and lipid metabolism: a multifunctional effect. Ann N Y Acad Sci 676, 215-222.
Sugano, M., Yamada, Y., Yoshida, K., Hashimoto, Y., Matsuo, T., and Kimoto, M. (1988). The hypocholesterolemic action of the undigested fraction of soybean protein in rats. Atherosclerosis 72, 115-122.
Szkudelski, T. (2001). The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas. Physiol Res 50, 537-546.
Tesfaye, S., Chaturvedi, N., Eaton, S.E., Ward, J.D., Manes, C., Ionescu-Tirgoviste, C., Witte, D.R., and Fuller, J.H. (2005). Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med 352, 341-350.
Thanh, V.H., and Shibasaki, K. (1976). Major proteins of soybean seeds. A straightforward fractionation and their characterization. J Agric Food Chem 24, 1117-1121.
Tonelli, J., Li, W., Kishore, P., Pajvani, U.B., Kwon, E., Weaver, C., Scherer, P.E., and Hawkins, M. (2004). Mechanisms of early insulin-sensitizing effects of thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 53, 1621-1629.
Vermeirssen, V., Van Camp, J., and Verstraete, W. (2002). Optimisation and validation of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition assay for the screening of bioactive peptides. J Biochem Biophys Methods 51, 75-87.
Wang, J.J., Zhang, S.X., Mott, R., Knapp, R.R., Cao, W., Lau, K., and Ma, J.X. (2006). Salutary effect of pigment epithelium-derived factor in diabetic nephropathy: evidence for antifibrogenic activities. Diabetes 55, 1678-1685.
Watkins, P.B., and Whitcomb, R.W. (1998). Hepatic dysfunction associated with troglitazone. N Engl J Med 338, 916-917.
Williams, A.J., and Walls, J. (1987). Metabolic consequences of differing protein diets in experimental renal disease. Eur J Clin Invest 17, 117-122.
Wolf, S., and Risler, T. (2004). [Are all antihypertensive drugs renoprotective?]. Herz 29, 248-254.
Wolf, W.J., Babcock, G.E., and Smith, A.K. (1962). Purification and stability studies of the 11 S component of soybean proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 99, 265-274.
Wu, J., and Ding, X. (2001). Hypotensive and physiological effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from soy protein on spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Agric Food Chem 49, 501-506.
Yang, H.Y., Yang, S.C., Chen, J.R., Tzeng, Y.H., and Han, B.C. (2004). Soyabean protein hydrolysate prevents the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Nutr 92, 507-512.
Young, V.R. (1991). Soy protein in relation to human protein and amino acid nutrition. J Am Diet Assoc 91, 828-835.
Zhang, M., Lv, X.Y., Li, J., Xu, Z.G., and Chen, L. (2008). The characterization of high-fat diet and multiple low-dose streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes rat model. Exp Diabetes Res 2008, 704045.
Zhang, S.L., To, C., Chen, X., Filep, J.G., Tang, S.S., Ingelfinger, J.R., Carriere, S., and Chan, J.S. (2001). Effect of renin-angiotensin system blockade on the expression of the angiotensinogen gene and induction of hypertrophy in rat kidney proximal tubular cells. Exp Nephrol 9, 109-117. |
